Sunday, October 8, 2017

SAMPLE CONTINUOUS WRITING


A Horror / Tragic Story 
by Jun Li 

I opened the door, to my horror, a few skeletons lay there, chained on the wall.

Okay, time to recap. I and my friends, Jack and Peter, were playing around an old, abandoned mansion. We were told that no one was allowed to enter. However, curiosity overcame us and we picked the lock, granting us entrance into the sacred lair of the unknown.

At the sight of the skeletons, the three of us were completely stunned. Our jaw hung wide open for a few minutes before we came back to our senses. My sixth sense told me that something was about to go wrong, so I urged the other two to back out of the mansion.


“Don’t be such a chicken,” said Jack, with a shaky voice.

“Aren’t you scared too?” I challenged him.

“Yes, but we might never get the chance to explore here again if we leave now.”

“…All right, but we leave as soon as the first sign of danger shows.”

We ventured deeper into the mansion. The design looked like some sort of torture room, or a prison. Even though I was afraid, I was eager to discover more. Throughout the lair, we did not lose sight of skeletons or spider webs. These were at every corner, at every turn. The occasional howls from a distance made the hair on our backs stand up straight. We finally arrived at a long hallway. Jack picked up a piece of wood and lighted it up with his lighter. The flame seared at first, but after it simmered down, I was able to see the walls clearly. There were ancient writings, the kind we usually see in an Egyptian grave robber movie. As the expert in history, Jack tried his best to decipher the carvings. Meanwhile, Peter leaned towards the wall to catch his breath. At that very moment, a cold chill went down my spine.

“Watch out!” I shouted.

Before he could react, that portion of the wall he was leaning against flipped, trapping him on the other side. All he could let out was a loud shriek and he vanished behind the walls. I pounded against the wall, shouting his name. Only then did I know what real terror felt like. However, the chance of rescuing him was bleak. I sank to the ground, desolated and hopeless.

“Let’s get out of here, we have to inform the adults!” suggested Jack.

I got to my feet swiftly and both of us sped through the building. My heart was racing. I knew that danger may be waiting at the next corner. I could hear blood pounding in my ears. Wait, was that a creak I heard? “Uh-oh,” I thought to myself. The ceiling began to crumble. My sub-consciousness took over. I sprang forward and tackled Jack. Both of us fell to the ground. Just as I thought that trouble was out of the way, the burning piece of wood slipped out of his hand and landed in a pile of grease. Fire started spreading like mad. I struggled to get up.

“Come on, there’s not much time left!” I screamed as I turned towards the exit.

“Aahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh!”

In a split second, my head turned 180 degrees. A gigantic marble pillar fell on Jack. I mustered all the strength from every single cell in my body, trying to lift it up, to no avail. My eyes were watery. I was completely out of ideas.

“Save yourself, leave me, please,” muttered Jack, with a weak tone.

This was certainly a tough decision for me. All the moments we had spent together flashed through my mind. How could I leave him now? As the fire was close to sealing my only exit, I knew that I had to be rational. I dived for my escape route.

Tears rolled down my cheeks as the mansion erupted into flames behind me.



HORRIFYING SWIM


It was a school holiday. Rahman woke up at the crack of dawn and headed for Ah Chong’s house. The boys had agreed to meet Sean and Sasi, their classmates. It was a perfect day for a swim. Although they were all strong swimmers, Rahman’s mother had cautioned him against going for a swim. A week earlier, their neighbour's son had nearly drowned in that river.

    “Splash!” Hassan dived off the rock into the inviting river. The water was deep but he was not worried. After all, he was an excellent swimmer and a certified lifeguard. He knew the waters in the area well as he often swam there. He persuaded the rest of the boys to follow him up to a higher waterfall. They clambered up the boulders. “Let’s jump!” an exhilarated Rahman shouted. The boys plunged in together, screaming in delight.

      Suddenly, Sean was tumbling out of control. The water smashed him over and over again. The current had smashed the other boys against a rock and they managed to pull themselves out from the raging water. At first, they could not see Sean. Then, as the waves subsided, they saw Sean’s half-submerged figure, face down. Rahman dived into the water immediately. He knew that every second counted. Swimming strongly, he got to Sean in no time. With Sasi and Ah Chong’s help, they managed to pull Sean out of the water and onto the rock.

      “Oh God, let him not be dead!” Rahman pleaded. Sean looked so blue. The others stood, paralyzed, not knowing what to do. Rahman grabbed Sean’s wrist but he could not feel any pulse. He remembered what his teacher had told him. A drowning victim had to receive artificial breathing within four minutes or he would die. With his lifeguard training in his mind, Rahman immediately drew Sean’s head back and clamped his mouth over him. He began pumping breath into Sean’s lungs as Sasi compressed Sean’s chest while keeping count. Suddenly, Sean gurgled and threw up. They continued breathing and pumping. “Keep going. One of us has to go for help. Sasi, you are the fastest. Run home and get help. Ask someone to call for an ambulance. Quick.....”

      After thirty minutes, and what seemed like a lifetime, Rahman felt something moved against him. Sean’s leg had jerked against him. He felt for a pulse. “Sean’s breathing....” Rahman cried. Just then, they heard an ambulance. “You are going to be alright’ he assured Sean. Within minutes, the paramedics had lifted him to the ambulance and headed for the nearby hospital. At the hospital, the boys were so thankful that Sean was going to be alright and they had saved his life. Rahman’s mother gave him a stern lecture. Rahman felt bad and regretted not listening to his mother. 

Source: By jennyho


My Best Pal


Close friendships are hard to come by these days. In an ever-changing world with people striving to achieve their interpretation of preordained success, it is hard to know who your true friends are. Fortunately, I found my best pal early at the tender age of seven. We were both enrolled at the same school and were at wits’ ends as we searched tirelessly for our designated classes.

Samantha and I got acquainted as both of us were in the same class and sat next to each other. Samantha was a happy-go-lucky girl who always managed to breathe fresh air into the sometimes arid classroom. She always knew what to say and would voice them at the best possible moments. Both pupils and teachers alike enjoyed her company and liveliness. There was hardly ever a dull moment when she was around with her funny quips and expressions. 

Samantha was born with a silver spoon. Her father was a businessman and her mother owned and ran a boutique. Both her parents were very caring towards her as she, just like I, was the only child of the family. Samantha came to school each day with a perpetual smile. She was a very nice person to be around with. She and I used to go everywhere together and both of us were rarely seen apart. We used to talk about so many things as we walked, thoroughly enjoying our time together.

One day, I went to school and forgot to ask my parents for lunch money. At first, I was not hungry and thought I could bear going without a meal but soon, my stomach began to growl. Without asking, Samantha generously paid for my meal and drinks during recess. The incident revealed to me how lucky I was to have such a caring and compassionate friend.

As time went on, people started teasing us as we were spending more and more time together. We seemed to know what each other thought and we cared for each other deeply. Was I in love with her? I did not know then and we both knew we were too young for all that emotional roller coaster.

Currently, Samantha and I are studying at different schools. It was hard to be apart at first, but technology in the form of instant messaging and e-mails have helped to bridge the gap in our friendship. I sincerely wish our friendship will never end as it would be equivalent to waking up from a beautiful dream.

Source: By Manu Menon

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

2015

1 Describe what makes you happy 
and explain why.

2 Social networking has caused a lot 
of problems. How far do you agree?

3 Why is having good neighbours 
important?

4 Write a story about someone you know
 who took a big risk and had a good result. 
Begin your story with: "Everybody said 
that the plan would never work. It 
was far too risky ..."

5 ‘Honesty is the best policy.’ Describe 
an experience when this was true for you.

MIND YOUR WORDS


Bombastic Words 
Accolade - praise
Allusion - indirect reference
Ambivalence - uncertainty; having 'mixed' feelings
Ambivalent - unable to decide
Analogy  -comparison
Anecdote - short account of something interesting; story
Anomalous - odd; not fitting the pattern
Apparition - ghost; something that 'appears'
Aspersion - negative feeling; damaging remark
Belligerence - aggression
Bombastic - too elaborate; exaggerated
Candid - truthful
Capricious - changeable; fickle
Cherished - cared for; firmly-held
Cliche - over-used expression
Conception  -1. idea; view. 2. beginning of pregnancy
Convoluted-  complicated or long-winded
Credence - belief
Cryptic - hidden
Currency - 1. widespread acceptance, 2. money
Decorous - good and correct (used of behavior)
Denunciation - act of speaking out against
Derailed - thrown off course
Derivative - unoriginal
Despotic - acting like a tyrant
Detritus - rubbish
Diaphanous - very thin and transparent
Dictum - often-used saying
Dilettante - person who dabbles in the arts
Disdained - showed contempt for
Dispassionate - unbiased; fair
Dowager - an elderly woman of elevate social status
Dubious - doubtful
Egalitarian - equal; believer in equality
Elicit - draw out (used mainly for information or feelings)
Elliptical - 1. shaped like an ellipse, 2. indirect
Epitomizes - acts as a typical example of
Equivocate - speak ambiguously/vaguely
Evasiveness - trying to avoid something
Explicitly - very clear; nothing hidden
Foraging - searching for food
Hypothetical - based on guesswork; not proven
Iconoclast - person who goes against accepted authority
Idiosyncratic - quirky; unique to an individual
Imponderable - cannot be understood
Indecorous not - well-behaved; lacking in dignity
Indigence - extreme poverty
Inept - clumsy
Inherent - inbuilt; genetic
Intricate - complicated
Irrefutable - cannot be proved wrong
Jingoism - using words to stir up exaggerated patriotism
Jubilant - joyful
Judicious - fair and equal
Lament - express regret over something
Loquacious - talkative; using too many words
Mendicancy - begging
Metaphorical - not literal; figurative
Milieu - environment; surroundings
Mitigated - made less severe
Nascent - just begun; in an early stage of development
Nostalgia - longing for the past
Obtrusive - easily seen
Orthographical - concerned with writing and spelling
Ossified - become fixed and rigid
Ostentatious - showy
Palpable - can be felt
Pastoral - 1. concerned with the countryside, 2. concerned with the care a pastor gives to someone
Pedestrian - 1. boring (adj), 2. person who walks (n)
Perfidy - treachery; betrayal
Profligacy - wasteful and immoral behavior
Prohibitive  -very expensive
Prudence - wisdom; caution
Pugnacious - aggressive
Purveyor - one who sells something or causes something to spread
Resonance - echo
Respite - break (from work etc.)
Resurgence - revival
Sparse - thin; not thick
Stringent - strict
Succumbing - giving in to; falling under the influence of
Supercilious - arrogant
Tenacity - firmness of purpose
Transcend - go beyond a limit
Variegated - multicolored
Venerable - worthy of respect
Viable - workable; able to live or grow
Visceral - concerned with the 'guts'; physical rather than mental


Accolade - praise
Allusion - indirect reference
Ambivalence - uncertainty; having 'mixed' feelings
Ambivalent - unable to decide
Analogy  -comparison
Anecdote - short account of something interesting; story
Anomalous - odd; not fitting the pattern
Apparition - ghost; something that 'appears'
Aspersion - negative feeling; damaging remark
Belligerence - aggression
Bombastic - too elaborate; exaggerated
Candid - truthful
Capricious - changeable; fickle
Cherished - cared for; firmly-held
Cliche - over-used expression
Conception  -1. idea; view. 2. beginning of pregnancy
Convoluted-  complicated or long-winded
Credence - belief
Cryptic - hidden
Currency - 1. widespread acceptance, 2. money
Decorous - good and correct (used of behavior)
Denunciation - act of speaking out against
Derailed - thrown off course
Derivative - unoriginal
Despotic - acting like a tyrant
Detritus - rubbish
Diaphanous - very thin and transparent
Dictum - often-used saying
Dilettante - person who dabbles in the arts
Disdained - showed contempt for
Dispassionate - unbiased; fair
Dowager - an elderly woman of elevate social status
Dubious - doubtful
Egalitarian - equal; believer in equality
Elicit - draw out (used mainly for information or feelings)
Elliptical - 1. shaped like an ellipse, 2. indirect
Epitomizes - acts as a typical example of
Equivocate - speak ambiguously/vaguely
Evasiveness - trying to avoid something
Explicitly - very clear; nothing hidden
Foraging - searching for food
Hypothetical - based on guesswork; not proven
Iconoclast - person who goes against accepted authority
Idiosyncratic - quirky; unique to an individual
Imponderable - cannot be understood
Indecorous not - well-behaved; lacking in dignity
Indigence - extreme poverty
Inept - clumsy
Inherent - inbuilt; genetic
Intricate - complicated
Irrefutable - cannot be proved wrong
Jingoism - using words to stir up exaggerated patriotism
Jubilant - joyful
Judicious - fair and equal
Lament - express regret over something
Loquacious - talkative; using too many words
Mendicancy - begging
Metaphorical - not literal; figurative
Milieu - environment; surroundings
Mitigated - made less severe
Nascent - just begun; in an early stage of development
Nostalgia - longing for the past
Obtrusive - easily seen
Orthographical - concerned with writing and spelling
Ossified - become fixed and rigid
Ostentatious - showy
Palpable - can be felt
Pastoral - 1. concerned with the countryside, 2. concerned with the care a pastor gives to someone
Pedestrian - 1. boring (adj), 2. person who walks (n)
Perfidy - treachery; betrayal
Profligacy - wasteful and immoral behavior
Prohibitive  -very expensive
Prudence - wisdom; caution
Pugnacious - aggressive
Purveyor - one who sells something or causes something to spread
Resonance - echo
Respite - break (from work etc.)
Resurgence - revival
Sparse - thin; not thick
Stringent - strict
Succumbing - giving in to; falling under the influence of
Supercilious - arrogant
Tenacity - firmness of purpose
Transcend - go beyond a limit
Variegated - multicolored
Venerable - worthy of respect
Viable - workable; able to live or grow
Visceral - concerned with the 'guts'; physical rather than mental
Honest and heartfelt
"I love you."
"I adore you."
"I'm totally into you."
"I love you from the bottom of my heart."
"You mean so much to me."
"I'm yours."
"You complete me."
"I'm in love with you."
"There is no other."
"You're my ideal woman."

Complimentary
"You're my Prince Charming."
"You're my angel."
"You're my princess."
"You're incredible."
"You're my baby."
"You're my king."
"You're mine."
"You're amazing."

Persuasive
"We're perfect for each other."
"We're a good match."
"You can't deny what's between us."
"We're meant for each other."
"We complete each other."

Romantic
"I'm infatuated with you."
"You're my lover."
"You're captivating."
"I'm addicted to you."
"You're perfect."
"I've totally fallen for you."

Confessional
"I've got a thing for you."
"I have feelings for you."
"I feel something for you."
"I'm drawn to you."
"I think of you as more than a friend."
"I've got a crush on you."
"I've had a crush on you for a long time."
"I think I'm in love with you."
"I think you're the one."
Light and Casual
"Love ya!"
"We make a good team."
"You're so awesome."
"I'd like for us to get together."

Lustful
"You've got what I need."
"I want you."
"Let's get it on."
"I must have you."
"You make me burn with desire."
"I'm burning for you."
"I need you."

Over-the-top
"I worship you."
"I'm crazy about you."
"We're soul mates."
"You make me want to be a better man."
"We were meant to be together."
"I can't live without you."
"You're my goddess."
"I can't bear to be apart from you."
"I idolize you."
"You're my everything."

Old married couple-ish
"You're my sweetie."
"You're my sunshine."
"You're my other half."
"You're my darling."
"I'm devoted to you."
Talking about the relationship
"I want to take this slow."
"This is more than a crush."
"I can't get over you."
"I'm ready to take it to the next level."
"I think I wanna have your baby!"

Slangy
"I'm hooked on you."
"I'm all about you."
"I'm down with you."
"You're my man."
"You're my girl."
Understated
"I'm rather partial to you."
"You're not bad."
"I kinda like you."
"I'm fond of you."
"I have a soft spot for you."

Poetic
"I'm smitten with you."
"I yearn for you."
"You turn me inside out."
"You've put a spell on me."
"I'm under your spell."
"My heart calls out for you."
"You make me feel young again."

Cold and scientific
"I'm physically attracted to you."
"You are the object of my affection."
"We have a good chemistry."
"I feel affectionate toward you."
"I care for you deeply."

Old-timey
"You're my best girl."
"I'm sweet on you."
"Do you want to go steady?"
"Will you go with me?"
"Roses are red; violets are blue; sugar is sweet, and so are you."
"I'm enamored with you."
"I'm mad about you."
"I hereby declare my love and affe
ction toward you."

POEM-FORM 4

                                                  THE LIVING PHOTOGRAPH 
                                                                                         (by Jackie Kay)

My small grandmother is tall there,
straight-back, white broderie anglaise shirt,
pleated skirt, flat shoes, grey bun,
a kind, old smile round her eyes.
Her big hand holds mine,
white hand in black hand.
Her sharp blue eyes look her own death in the eye.
It was true  after all; that look.
My tall grandmother became small.
Her back round and hunched.
Her soup forgot to boil.
She went to the awful place grandmothers go.
Somewhere unknown, unthinkable.
But there she is still,
in the photo with me at three,
the crinkled smile is still living, breathing.

Stanza 1

LineMeaning
1  My small grandmother is tall there,The persona’s grandmother looks tall in the photograph.
2  straight-back, white broderie anglaise shirt ,She is standing with good posture, wearing an embroidered lace blouse.
3  pleated skirt, flat shoes, grey bun,She wears the blouse with a pleated skirt, non-heeled shoes and her hair in a bun.
4  a kind, old smile round her eyes.She is smiling kindly.
5  Her big hand holds mine,Her big hand is holding the persona’s hand.
6  white hand in black hand.The contrast of their skin colours can clearly be seen in their linked hands.
7  Her sharp blue eyes look her death in the eye.Her grandmother’s blue eyes suggests that her death is near.

Stanza 2

LineMeaning
8  It was true after all; that look.The persona’s reference of death came true.
 My tall grandmother became small.The grandmother became thinner and more fragile.
10  Her back round and hunched.Her back became hunched.
11  Her soup forgot to boil.She became forgetful.
12  She went to the awful place grandmothers go.Soon, she passed away.
13  Somewhere unknown, unthinkable.Upon her death, she went to a place that no one knows.

Stanza 3

LineMeaning
14  But there she is still,However, in the photograph, her grandmother will always be alive.
15  in the photo with me at three,The persona was there years old in the photograph with her grandmother.
16  the crinkled smile is still living, breathing.Her grandmother’s smile is still so alive and real.

Moral Value

1  We must treasure our loved ones when they are alive.
  • We must spend as much time as we can with our loved ones while they are still living
  • When they pass away, all that will be left are the memories, as is illustrated in the poem.
  2  It is difficult to lose a family member.
  • It is always difficult to deal with the death of a loved one.
  • The persona loses her grandmother when she was younger but she will always remember her.
3  We must never forget the importance of family relationship.
  • We should not forget to love and care for our family, especially our grandparents who are the pillars of a family.
  • When they are old and sick, we must continue to take care of them.

Summary of Stanza 1

The persona is looking at an old photograph of her grandmother and herself. She describes the photograph – her grandmother is standing tall and straight, dressed in a white embroidered lace blouse with a pleated skirt, and flat shoes. Her grey hair is pulled neatly into a bun. She is smiling kindly while holding the persona’s hand in hers, giving her the security and comfort. As the persona describes their linked hands – white hand in black hand – it is clear that they come from a mixed race family. The last line seems to suggest that the persona knows that her grandmother’s death will come soon.

Summary of Stanza 2

While the first describes the photograph, in the second stanza, the persona is remembering her grandmother later, when she is older and has become ill. The persona recalls how her grandmother soon grows thinner and more fragile. Her back is hunched and she becomes forgetful as is illustrated in the line, Her soup forgot to boil. Eventually, she passes away and upon her death, she goes to an unimaginable place.

Summary of Stanza 3

However, in the photograph, the persona’s grandmother will forever be alive. She is still there, holding the hand of her three-year-old granddaughter, with her smile looking so alive and real.

Themes

 1    The everlasting quality of a photograph                                                               

  • A photograph immortalizes a person or a moment. What  is captured in a photograph will remain alive forever.
  •  In the poem, the persona’s grandmother  has already  passed away. However, in the photograph, she will always be healthy and alive.
  •  A photograph also allows us grandmother passes away to reflect on what happened  in the past and relive our memories.

 2    Death

  • Death is a definite  outcome for all of us.
  • In the poem, the persona recalls how her grandmother was once strong and healthy but soon grows older and  becomes ill.
  • In the end, the grandmother passes away and the persona is only able to relive her memories with her grandmother through a photograph.

Wednesday, October 4, 2017

LITERATURE- FORM 4

Short stories:Leaving by M G Vassanji

SHORT STORIES:LEAVING BY M.G VASSANJI

Ramai yg nak note untuk poem,short stories and drama nih..so wani buat la blog ni...nah bacelah tapi jngan lupa follow blog eh >_<...

Synopsis

The story,Leaving is set in Tanzania.A woman raises her five children alone after the early death of her husband.After the two elder girls get married and the eldest son acquires a job,the mother focuses on the two younger ones,Aloo and the youngest daughter(the narrator).Aloo is in his final year in school and the girl is in university.She pins all her hopes on them that they will have a better education.She winds up their store and moves them to a quieter part of town,Upanga.The place is quieter and provides a better environment for them to study.The return of Mr Datoo,a former teacher inspires Aloo to think of furthering his education overseas in medicine in America.He starts writing to American universities to get the necessary information.He is not keen on studying agriculture in a local university.He is offered a place with a scholarship in the California Institute of Technology.However,his mother would not allow him to accept the offer,citing finances and fear of losing him as the reasons.Finally,on the advice of a school officer,the mother relents and accepts the idea of allowing Aloo to leave home for a different sky.The narrator,for the first time,sees her mother as a person and not just as her mother-someone who has always thought only of the children's welfare.Aloo's first letter was a graphic enthusiastic account of London but to the mother,she is uncertain of his return.

Character and character traits 

Aloo

Hasil carian imej untuk man cartoon image
  • youngest child in the family-doing his final year in school.
  • a good student who does well in school examinations,straight As.
  • is inspired by a former teacher who returns from America for a visit to think o furthering his education overseas in America.
  • not keen on studying agriculture at a local university
  • diligent-writes to universities to get necessary information for further studies
  • ambitious-wants to study medicine
  • extremely happy when offered a scholarship to study in California Institute of Technology
  • spirited and courageous-willing to do part-time work while studying
  • tries to convince other that he will definitely return to his homeland after his studies
  • obedient-willing to accept mother's decision-does not speak about overseas education and prepares to study agriculture locally
  • could not suppress his excitement when mother finally allows him to go overseas
  • writes from London to mother-letter so full of excitement creates doubts in mother's mind about the future.

Mother


  • mother of the five children and runs a store in Uhuru Street-single-handedly raises five children after early death of husband
  • Aloo's mother became a widow at thirty-three and had refused ever since to marry for fear that the next husband would ask her to take her children to the 'boarding'
  • thinks of the children's future-willing to sacrifice for them -closes down the store and moves family to a quieter part of town-better environment for studying-a big change for her
  • ambitious about her children's education-wants them to do well 
  • afraid to let youngest son go for overseas education-afraid he might not return home,take a European wife or forget his roots
  • at the same time wise or understanding about situation-children have to grow up and leave home one day-but hopes to hold on to them as long as possible
  • loving and caring-take steps to ensure youngest son leave for further studies with a happy frame of mind
  • after receiving letter from Aloo who writes letter from London-feels unsure that Aloo will return to hometown in Tanzania

Minor characters

Aloo's sibling (narrator)

  • second youngest in family and studying in a local university 
  • supportive of and understands Aloo's needs to study overseas and not in local university
  • loving and caring of mother and understands mother's refusal to allow Aloo to study overseas
  • observant-observes mother's face and sees her as a person and not just as their mother-recalls mother's worried unsmiling face looking after them in her own
Mr Datoo

  • a former teacher in Aloo's school-came back from America for a visit
  • it was his visit that inspired Aloo to think about his future-of studying overseas in America
Mr Velji

  • a school officer who gives an objective comment about Aloo's studies overseas 
  • knows that Aloo will get a good education but fears mother may lose a son
  • has an understanding look when he reads the content of Aloo's letter from London

Themes/Moral values

family support and one's ambition

-we must give support to family members and help them achieve their ambition 

initiative

-when we need information for whatever we are interested in,we must take the initiative to do something about it

ambition

-it is good to be ambitious

courage and strength to stand up to one's principles

-one must be courageous and have the strength to stand up to what one believes in

determination brings success 

-if one is determined and not waver from one's goal,one will be succesful

letting go of family members to let them become independent

-it is good to want to keep family members around forever,but sometimes we need to let go for them to live their own life

willingness to gain new experience and exposure

-new experiences and exposure to different cultures and ways of life would enrich our lives

not afraid to face the unknown

-we must not be afraid to get out of the known to learn about the unknown

parental sacrifice for family members

-parents are always willing to sacrifice for the good and happiness of their children